• Foundations of regional anaesthesia
• know the nerve, see the nerve, see the needle, do the block.
• Practice needling technique including some challenges to test your skills!
• Blocks covered in the module with practical sessions.
  • Fascia Iliac compartment blocks for hip fractures–suprainguinal and
    infrainguinal.
    o Femoral nerve.
    o Popliteal.
    o Chest wall blocks.
    • Serratus Anterior Plane.
    • Erector Spinae Plane
• Overview of upper limb regional anaesthesiae options

Indications and Clinical Relevance:

• Understand the scope and limitations of ultrasound in musculoskeletal emergency presentations.
• Select appropriate indications for focused MSK ultrasound, especially for traumatic, infectious, or inflammatory conditions.

Sterility and Procedural Hygiene

• Master best practices in sterile technique and infection control during ultrasound-guided punctures and aspirations.

Recognition of Common Pathologies:

• Identify joint effusions in major joints:
  • Shoulder: anteriorly via the biceps recess and posteriorly over infraspinatus with external rotation.
  • Elbow: Fossa olecrani in longitudinal and transverse views.
  • Hip: anteriorly at the head–neck junction.
  • Knee: suprapatellar recess in both planes.
  • Ankle: anterior longitudinal and transverse approaches.
• Diagnose muscle ruptures and tendon injuries:
  • Quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle ruptures.
  • Complete Achilles tendon ruptures, including dynamic assessment in prone position.
• Distinguish soft tissue masses:
  • Differentiate abscesses, hematomas, seromas, and other superficial swellings.
  • Detect and localize foreign bodies using high-resolution linear probes.
• Distinguish soft tissue masses:
  • Differentiate abscesses, hematomas, seromas, and other superficial swellings.
  • Detect and localize foreign bodies using high-resolution linear probes.

Ultrasound-Guided Procedures

• Ultrasound guided aspiration of effusions in:
  • Shoulder
  • Elbow
  • Hip 
  • Knee 
  • Ankle
• Ultrasound guided foreign body removal
• Execute ultrasound-guided tibial nerve blocks as a pain management strategy for foot sole foreign body removal

• getting familiar with basic cardiac views and describing the relevant anatomy of
• every view: subcostal, parasternal long and short axis, apical four, five and two
  chamber view
• name different regions of the left ventricular muscle and describe different basic
  ways to assess the contractility
• assess left ventricular contractility in different views by eyeballing
• compare and measure chamber size in A4C view
• assess the size of the right ventricle and motion of the septum in diQerent views
• IVC measurement pitfalls and interpretation
• pericardial effusion and tamponade

• Assess left ventricular systolic function using multiple echocardiographic views, including visual estimation, MAPSE, EPSS, and quantitative methods such as Teichholz and Simpson.
• Evaluate the mitral valve in B-mode and with colour Doppler to identify severe mitral regurgitation.
• Assess right ventricular systolic function using chamber size, TAPSE, and septal motion, and distinguish features suggestive of chronic right ventricular strain.
• Measure tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity (TRV) and pulmonary acceleration time (PAT) in the assessment of suspected pulmonary embolism.
• Measure LVOT VTI to calculate cardiac output and assess haemodynamic changes during a passive leg raise test.
• Learn the principles and technique of echocardiography-guided pericardiocentesis.