Cholecystitis/gallstones/biliary three

• How to find the gallbladder?
• How to assess for stones?
• How and where to assess the wall? What signs to look for in cholecystitis?
• How to find the DHC and where to measure the diameter?

Ileus

• How to perform the assessment of the small bowel and scan the stomach?
• How to assess the diameter and kinesis of the small bowel?
• What are US-signs of small bowel obstruction?

Free fluid in non-trauma patient and free air

• Where to look for free intraperitoneal fluid in a non-trauma patient?
• How to perform an US-guided paracentesis?
• Where to look for free air and which signs to look for?

Appendicitis and diverticulitis

• How to find the cecum and look for an inflamed appendix?
• How to find the sigma and colon descendens and what are the signs of an inflamed colon/ diverticula?

Aorta and retroperitoneum

• How to identify AAA with POCUS?
• How to look for a retroperitoneal hematoma with ultrasound?

Urolithiasis/pyelonephritis

• How to look for hydronephrosis?
• How to assess the narrowings of the ureter?
• Doppler settings for the Twinkling artifact
• How to measure stone diameter?
• What to look for in pyelonephritis?
• How to use Doppler to assess for kidney infarction?

• getting familiar with basic cardiac views and describing the relevant anatomy of every view: subcostal, parasternal long and short axis, apical four, five and two chamber view
• name different regions of the left ventricular muscle and describe different basic ways to assess the contractility
• compare and measure chamber size in A4C view
• assess left ventricular contractility in different views by eyeballing
• assess the size of the right ventricle and motion of the septum in different views
• IVC measurement pitfalls and interpretation
• pericardial effusion and tamponade
• assess left ventricular contractility in different views by eyeballing, MAPSE, EPSS and Teichholz
• assess the mitral valve in B mode and with color for severe mitral regurgitation
• assess right ventricular contractility in different views by chamber size, TAPSE, septum motility and color over the tricuspide valve
• measure LVOT VTI and calculate CO and its changes during passive leg raise test
• learn how to perform an echo guided pericardiocentesis

• physical background and the sonoanatomy:
  • basic ultrasonic tools to examine accurately the lung and the chest wall. The focus is on the pleural line, horizontal reverberations and mirror artifacts, lung sliding, pulmonary pulse, costodiaphragmatic recess, ribs and sternum as well as most important pitfalls using these ultrasound applications
• examination technique, the settings in B-mode, M-mode and color
  Doppler for the optimal visualization of the sonoanatomy and the avoidance
  of pitfalls
• interactive cases visualising pathologies, based on two forms of visualization: directly visualizable subpleural parenchymal changes and indirectly visualizable interstitial pathologies and aeriation of the lung by vertical artifacts with an update on the current state of knowledge, the nomenclature and ultrasonic presentation. In detail:
  • pneumothorax
  • pleural effusion
  • pleuritis
  • lobar pneumonia
  • pulmonary embolism
  • atelectasis
  • rib and sternal fractures
  • pulmonary edema
  • pulmonary contusion
    
• pearls and pitfalls with the experts: the experts are going to discuss pearls and pitfalls of the different scanning techniques with the focus on the implementation of the scans in the clinical practice

• POCUS of the Joints:
  • Identify joint effusion in the ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, and elbow using POCUS.
  • Perform ultrasound-guided joint aspiration and infiltration.
  • Utilize POCUS for evaluating shoulder dislocations.
• POCUS of the Tendons and Muscles:
  • Diagnose ruptures of the Achilles tendon, patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and biceps tendon.
  • Identify rupture of the medial head of M. gastrocnemius (Tennis Leg).
• POCUS of the Soft Tissue:
  • Differentiate soft tissue swelling using POCUS.
  • Perform ultrasound-guided foreign body removal.
  • Conduct a tibialis posterior nerve block for foreign body removal from the sole of the foot.

• Describe normal anatomy and anatomical variants relevant to ultrasound-guided vascular access, and differentiate between arteries and veins.
• Explain all steps of ultrasound guidance, including prescan, equipment selection, puncture technique, evaluation, and documentation.
• Demonstrate ultrasound needle coordination for successful vascular puncture.
• Describe ultrasound-guided puncture techniques using the longitudinal (inplane) and transverse (out-of-plane) approaches.
• Discuss special considerations for central venous line placement (internal jugular, femoral, and subclavian) and for peripheral and midline catheter placement (forearm, upper arm, basilic, and cephalic veins).
• Engage in hands-on training with a focused, interactive approach using Blue Phantoms, manikins (internal jugular, femoral, and upper limb), and live models.

• Foundations of regional anaesthesia
• Practice needling technique including some challenges to test your skills!
• Blocks covered in the module with practical sessions:
  • Upper limb blocks (Median/Radial/Ulnar)
  • Lower limb blocks (Fascia Iliac compartment blocks for hip fractures – suprainguinal and infrainguinal/Femoral nerve blocks for femoral fractures/Popliteal & Adductor Canal blocks for tibial and fibular fractures)
  • Chest wall blocks (Serratus Anterior Plane/Erector Spinae Plane)